1. Russia has a trifurcated court system, with c , o , and c courts.
2. The ordinary courts have a four-tiered hierarchy and are responsible for civil and criminal cases: the Supreme Court of Russia, r courts, d courts, m courts.
3. The Constitutional Court of Russia is responsible for cases concerning with the Constitution.
4. In general, the Constitutional Court of Russia hears cases referred by of governmental agencies, of the President of Russia, and Constitutional Court’s of legislation must be dealt with by the plenary session.
5. The Supreme Court of Russia is the highest court, and supervises courts of jurisdiction.
6. The Presidium of the Russian Supreme Court represents Russia’s Russia’s final court of .
7. The court is divided into several chambers or collegia and each chamber normally sits with three judges: c ; cr ; m ; a ; and a , which can review decisions of the other chambers.
