You are going to read a text on the life of a famous person. For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer (А, В, or С) best fits each gap.
Arkwright is considered the father of the modern industrial factory system and his inventions were a catalyst (1) the Industrial Revolution.
Richard Arkwright was born in Preston in 1732, the son of a tailor. Money was not (2) to send him to school, but his cousin Ellen taught him to read and write.
He began working as an apprentice barber and it was only after the death of his first wife (3) he became an entrepreneur. His second marriage to Margaret Biggins in 1761 brought a small income that enabled him to (4) his barber’s business. He acquired a secret method for (5) hair and travelled around the country purchasing human hair for use in the manufacture of wigs. (6) this time he also looked to mechanical inventions in the field of textiles to make his fortune.
By 1767, a machine for carding cotton (7) into England and James Hargreaves had invented the spinning jenny. With the help of a clockmaker, John Kay, who had been working on a mechanical spinning machine, Arkwright (8) improvements that produced a stronger yarn and required (9) physical labour. His new carding machine was patented in 1775.
Arkwright’s fortunes continued to rise and he constructed a horse-driven spinning mill at Preston – the first of (10) . He developed mills in which the whole process of yarn manufacture was carried on by one machine and this was (11) complemented by a system in which labour was divided, greatly (12) efficiency and increasing profits. Arkwright was also the first (13) James Watts’ steam engine to power textile machinery, (14) he only used it to pump water to the millrace of a waterwheel. From the combined use of the steam engine and the machinery, the power loom was (15) developed.
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1
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A. to
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B. for
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C. on
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2
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A. only
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B. but
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C. available
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3
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A. before
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B. that
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C. where
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4
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A. expand
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B. engross
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C. lengthen
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5
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A. dying
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B. dyed
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C. dyeing
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6
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A. Of
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B. During
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C. On
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7
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A. was introducing
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B. had been introduced
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C. had introduced
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8
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A. had
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B. did
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C. made
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9
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A. the little
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B. fewer
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C. less
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10
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A. many
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B. much
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C. the few
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11
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A. far
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B. farther
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C. further
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12
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A. improving
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B. being improved
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C. having improved
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13
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A. using
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B. to use
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C. having used
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14
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A. despite
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B. in spite of
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C. though
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15
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A. lastly
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B. eventually
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C. largely
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